75th Edinburgh Festival Fringe
Program
DRUMMING
STEVE REICH
SUN, AUG14 – THU, AUG 18 13:25~
- Part I: 4 pairs of tuned bongo drums, played with double-ended wooden sticks
- Part II: 3 marimbas, 2 or 3 female voices
- Part III: 3 glockenspiels, whistler, and piccolo
- Part IV: complete ensemble
Instrumentation : Bongos, Mar. Vib. Glock.
Performer – Kuniko – Live Solo + Tape
ALBUM REVIEWS
Le Soir
02 January 2019
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Cette musicienne japonaise résidant aux Etats-Unis est une des personnalités marquantes de la percus- sion contemporaine. Sous ses doigts, Drumming demeure la page la plus fascinante de Steve Reich d’autant plus qu’elle l’aborde dans un mélange de rigueur implacable et de souplesse instantanée qui sublime ce véritable étendard de la percussion au XXe siècle.
All About Jazz
22 October 2018
All About Jazz
C. MICHAEL BAILEY
If it can be beaten with a stick, a mallet, a brush or a hammer, Kuniko beats it. The master percussionist elevates the musical art of universal percussion to a level that forces it to not only be taken seriously, but to encourage an effort to learn about it. That is the measure of an artist.
Kuniko’s previous Linn recordings, Kuniko Plays Reich (2012), Cantus (2013), Iannis Xenakis IX (2015), and Bach: Solo Works For Marimba (2017), all demonstrate her ability on the marimba, which is considerable. Steve Reich: Drumming elevates and expands her recognized talent to drumming and percussion proper, employing a composition with previous recordings to which hers may be compared. While Kuniko did not create the standard, she is setting it.
Reich’s composition requires a bit of explanation. The composer explains, “There is, then, only one basic rhythmic pattern for all of Drumming. This pattern undergoes changes of phase, position, pitch and timbre, but all of the performers play this pattern, or some part of it, throughout the piece.”
Therein lies an immediate issue. “All of the performers” refers to Reich’s original conception that this composition was intended for nine percussionists, two soprano/alto voices, piccolo, and whistler. Instrumentally, the composition requires four pairs of tuned bongo drums, three marimbas, and three glockenspiels. “Part I” is played on tuned bongo drums, as three percussionists play the head pattern, with two quarter-notes out of phase from one another. The new sections are introduced, with the new instruments doubling the exact pattern that the previous instruments are already playing. Drums, marimba, glockenspiel and vocalists: all instruments together in a percussive orgy.
Kuniko plays all parts herself, overlaying track-upon-track until the final product is achieved. Kuniko’s performance both differs from and betters previous versions in its better sonics and mathematics. Using the studio, Kuniko is able to precisely overlay each part with a precision and accuracy not achievable with multiple musicians. This is both a positive and a negative. Positive, for the purity of the result that, negatively, was achieved using the studio, perhaps a less organic approach.
All of that considered, however, the results are seventy minutes of music that make an integral sense. Surprisingly, this is not as inaccessible as some might think. Kuniko achieves the near impossible with a demanding piece, requiring dense attention and a deft touch.
Baker & Taylor
10 December 2019
Drumming is one of the undisputed masterworks of Steve Reich’s oeuvre, a long and complex percussion composition that thoroughly explores his early ideas of rhythmic phasing in the context of simple harmony and highly complex multilayered polyrhythms. The piece is written in four movements, which are played in continuous sequence: the first for tuned bongos, the second for marimbas and voice, the third for glockenspiels, voices, and piccolo; and the fourth for all of the instruments and voices together. Since there is some flexibility to the score (players get to decide how many repeats to follow), a performance can last anywhere from 55 to 75 minutes. Traditionally, of course, Drumming has been played by an ensemble of musicians. But for this recording percussionist Kuniko elected to perform the entire thing herself, using overdubbing techniques in the studio to create all of the necessary parts. As always–and she has already demonstrated an impressive affinity for Reich’s music–she plays with both an intensity of focus and a virtuosic precision that are unmatched in her field; under her mallets, sticks, and fingers, this music shimmers with brilliant clarity and the dense beauty of Reich’s patterns is revealed as never before. An essential purchase for all library collections.
Classic Voice - Italy
01 April 2019
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Drumming è quell’avventuroso pezzo di musica per sole percussioni scritto da Steve Reich (1936) fra il ’70 il 71 per quattro coppie di bongos intonati, tre marimbe, tre glockenspiel, flauto, voci di soprano e contralto, per un totale di dodici esecutori. Beh, la giapponese Kuniko lo fa tutto da sola, suona ogni strumento e vocalizza ogni parte, sostiene con meticolosa limpidezza, molto giapponese, uno dei più sfiancanti esercizi di slittamento progressivo della percezione mai pensati nella musica contemporanea.
Come fa? Naturalmente con un cesello di sovraregistrazioni che non toglie nulla alle richieste di disciplina ritmica del pezzo, forse le moltiplica. In tre sezioni di registrazione, all’archi Prefecutral Arts Theatre di Nagoya, l’indefettibile Kuniko si è lanciata in solitaria nel reticolo di sovrapposizione, accelerazioni, distensioni, infoltimenti e rarefazioni che Reich ha costruito a partire da un modulo ritmico unico e sempre ripetuto, mai replicando una combinazione.
Non c’è nulla di ginnastico in questa performance, solo la garanzia che una sola testa, due sole mani, un solo fiato hanno applicato al più lungo pezzo di Reich una operazione di rigore che non lascia sfuggire all’orecchio un solo accento.
La qualità della registrazione, tutta giapponese, sbalza all’ascolto un teatro di strumenti che si tocca con mano. Il movimento della foto di copertina, la finezza della grafica, la cura dell’edizione in tutte le sue parti, made in Lithuania, sono da categoria “premium”.
Per la Linn, l’indomable Kuniko ha già registrato quattro album: uno, temerario, con trascrizioni per marimba delle Suites per violoncello e Sonate per violino di Baci; uno con brani di Pärt (omaggio all’estone), uno dedicato a Xenakis e uno ancora a Reich.
Mettete in memoria: Kuniko.
Musicweb International
06 December 2018
My only other recording of this work is the classic 1987 Nonesuch recording by Steve Reich and Musicians, a recording which is totally different to this one. The work is scored for four pairs of tuned bongo drums, three marimbas, three glockenspiels, soprano and alto voices, whistling and piccolo, twelve musicians in total on the Nonesuch recording, including Reich himself as percussionist and whistler. This new recording can not be more different as here we have Kuniko, a multi-talented musician, playing, vocalising and overdubbing every single part herself, in effect returning the work to the early Terry Riley concept of minimalism with repeated phrases built up on tape, a true minimalist recording then.
This recording is a virtuosic tour de force, one in which Kuniko proves that there is a different way of looking at things, a way that led Reich to say “The result is like a microscopic close up of the piece where all the details are heard with amazing clarity. I found it a remarkable pleasure to hear. Bravo!” This clarity comes partly due to the tempo, Kuniko’s version is nearly a quarter of an hour longer than Reich’s own recording and partly due to the wonderful performance. Despite the length of the recording it in no way drags, rather it is a well-paced and well executed performance. By the nature of how this version was recorded, it does lack a little spontaneity, but as she says in her notes, an ensemble recording, no matter who records it, can be affected by individuals losing or gaining pace during a performance of the piece, whereas here every part is beautifully paced and in line with every other part. This is a highly focussed performance where every detail of each phase is minutely captured with clarity and accuracy, the way Kuniko manages to capture and exploit every ebb and flow of the music is quite mesmerising, even more so than Reich’s own performance. If I miss something from the Reich performance it is the more ethereal vocalisations of Pamela Wood Ambush and Jay Clayton, but this is more than made up for by the perfection of her playing. Yes, it might not be as spontaneous and exciting a performance as Reich and friends, but the way that Kuniko manages to emphasise each, and every, phase shift is wonderful.
The recorded sound is wonderfully clear, something that helps the performance, it has been recorded over three sessions so being able to maintain the clarity and dynamic over the months that it took to record this work is a credit to the engineers and to Kuniko. The booklet notes are excellent, not only do we get Kuniko’s own notes in which she discusses the piece and her approach to it, but you also get three pages of notes on the work by Steve Reich himself. Yes, there is more than one way in which a work can be performed and Kuniko’s incredibly nuanced performance shows this. And there is certainly space on a shelf for when the performance is as compelling as this is.
Gapplegate Classical - Modern Music
12 October 2018
Grego Applegate
After Terry Riley’s pioneering “In C,” the stage was set for a long ensemble work that mapped out in greater depth a way to further extend such promising Minimalist trance ideas. Steve Reich had been a key early player in the development of the music with the phasing process idea as found in the electro-acoustic “Come Out,” “Aint Gonna Rain” and then “Violin Phase.” In the early days of the 1970’s he gave we who were following such developments a decided and beautiful way to proceed with the glorious work Drumming.
When the original commercial recording came out in 1974 I was fully ready for it and so it turns out were many of my peers. It happened to fall on the heels of a major uptick in my experience of World Music via a happy rising of several labels dedicated to such things. Of course there was a remarkable catalog available on Asch’s Folkways, but then Ocora, Nonesuch Explorer and a couple of other labels began releasing well-recorded LPs of traditional African and Asian musics. I was at a first peak of immersion in all of that so Drumming hit something of a nerve with me, especially in how it managed to give original treatment to the idea of a pulsating percussion ensemble with multiple interlocking parts. Perhaps rightly so much has been made of how Reich took his phase and process idea and created a wonderfully alive music out of his kernel of structural insight. And indeed it is so. But inevitably perhaps the method of proceeding had become a kind of Wittgenstein’s Ladder, or in other words it brought Reich to the new horizon of the interlocking repetition possibilities and gave him ways to ensure development. But then like the ladder that gets you to a point, there was perhaps no need to let a procedure dictate fully where one went from that place on. Or in other words the ladder was not necessarily needed any more? And it is true that subsequent works became less and less phase oriented. No matter. For in the end Drumming stood or fell on the quality of its invention, which one can hear always if one listens faithfully.
Some 48 years later, give-or-take, I certainly can say that my regard for this work has if anything increased in time. And it has done so because of a key factor perhaps–the sheer brilliance of the way Reich fashioned a diatonic pulsation of interlocking ensemble parts and in the way of so doing created, brilliantly invented music that sounds so well together that you can immerse listening self into it virtually forever! In the right hands there is an ecstasy of melodic-rhythmic suchness that you may not find quite to this extent elsewhere.
Enter master percussionist Kuniko and her new recording of Drumming (Linn CKD-582). I have heard virtually all of the versions that have come out since the first recording and they are all good. But this one is by far the best, the most inspired, the most moving I have heard. Why is that? Part of it has to do with how a master percussionist is a master. It is not of course just a matter of faithfully executing the notes. It is that something extra, that getting inside the notes and sending them volleying outward into our aural perceptual worlds that is most telling.
All of this music exists within a continually pulsating time frame. From the most simple to the very most complicated interlocking parts, a key to a successful performance is the way the ensemble can and does sound the measured, leveraged and even periodicity. Ms. Kuniko does all of that (and plays all the percussion parts via overdubbing I believe) in ways that lift the pulse into a centered measured place that, in the vocabulary of jazz, makes the time “swing” mightily. It is the transcendence of isolated repetitions in favor of a forward moving, irresistible whole that constitutes the beautiful excellence of this version over others. By getting each part measured right but then elastically so, it puts the foundations in place for a very beautiful version. For with those foundations in place it makes possible an extraordinary vital sounding of the melodic brilliance and timbral vivacity of the work. So even the first simple tuned bongo sections take on an intensity of intent. And then the crosstalk polyvalence polyrhythms (in rabbit-duck gestalt oscillations) are extraordinarily there in balanced and palpable ways that open up the entire listening universe of part-versus-part. It allows for the rabbit-duck fluidity of what you can hear and so then you can have variable focus at any point in your listening. Each part defines the whole and each sounds wonderfully well if you only listen to that. But of course your musical imagination bounces around continuously in the hearing and re-hearing of an ideal performance of the work such as we get here. The bongos, the marimbas, the glockenspiels, the female voices, the whistling and the piccolo parts sound together with a maximum groove and depth of field that has to do with the swing execution and so the work seems continually to rock back and forth between two end-phrase points (in two units of six) in a remarkably fluid and ecstatic way.
I will not try and describe the entire outlay of the work as it is performed so wonderfully well here. That is something you need to get by sitting there and letting the music play YOU. And so I recommend you get this recording and surrender to it! It is as fabulous a musical experience as you might care to have if you are willing to let the music spin you like a ballerina armature! Kuniko brings home forceably the extraordinary brilliance of this music and helps ensure its place as one of the masterpieces of New Music in our lifetimes. Kuniko is a revelation! Very highly recommended. A midwestern US resident in the mid-1800s when introduced to Beethoven’s symphonic music for the first time was said to have exclaimed, “well ain’t that something!” I would suggest that this, too, is something!
HiResMac
11 October 2018
“Es zu hören war mir ein bemerkenswertes Vergnügen.” Das sagt Steve Reich über das jüngste Album der japanischen Perkussionistin Kuniko Kato, kurz KUNIKO. Der Titel des Albums: Reich: Drumming. Seine Besonderheit: Kuniko spielt, singt und pfeift alle Stimmen, Trommeln, Mallets, Töne selbst. Wie das geht? Dank Overdub.
Das Verfahren hat Kuniko schon einmal angewendet: Bei Kuniko Plays Reich, ihrem Album von 2011. Schon damals mimte die japanische Ausnahme-Percussionistin jeden Mit-Spieler selber und nahm deren Stimmen eine nach der anderen auf, indem sie über die schon eingespielten Spuren weitere legte, bis sämtliche Noten vertont waren.
Nun also Drumming. Reich hat seine Komposition in vier Teile gegliedert, die nahtlos aneinander gefügt zu spielen sind, als ein fortlaufendes akustisches Erlebnis mit wechselndem Klang-Charakter:
Teil 1 ist für vier Paar gestimmter Bongos geschrieben, die mit Stöcken gespielt werden.
Teil 2 komponierte Reich für drei Marimbas, die von sechs Spielern geschlagen werden, während sie zwei Frauenstimmen begleiten.
Teil 3 spielen vier Personen auf drei Glockenspielen, während dazu gepfiffen und Piccolo-Flöte gespielt wird.
Und Teil 4 bestreiten alle Instrumente, Stimmen und Personen zusammen.
Was das bei Kuniko bedeutet? Sie spielt und sing alles. Sie allein. Immer. Zum Glück ist Drumming die längste Komposition, die Reich geschrieben hat, je nach Wiederholungen dauert sie zwischen 55 und 75 Minuten. Kuniko bietet auf den Punkt 70 Minuten Minimal Music. Und wie sie das tut!
Fast scheint es, als sei Kuniko die natürliche Klang-Umsetzung der Kompositionen Reichs auf dem Papier. Nicht nur, dass ihr Spiel präzise ist und sie die sich stetig nur gering verändernden (Ab)Läufe wunderbar sauber umsetzt. Sie ist dabei auch noch hoch musikalisch! Alles fließt natürlich umeinander, ineinander, miteinander.
Besonders die weniger perkussiven Teile mit Marimba und Glockenspiel mit den menschlichen Zutaten Stimme und Pfeifen sind geradezu zauberhaft in ihrer Ausstrahlung und lassen mit dem Zuhörer tatsächlich geschehen, was Reich mit seiner Musik bezweckte: Nicht nur lauschen oder analysieren, sondern sich in einer bestrickenden Klangwelt verlieren können.
Kuniko hat diesen Zauber jetzt mit ihrem Massen-Solo veredelt. ! (Glückwunsch!)
Gramophone
01 November 2018
‘A Drumming for this decade – and probably a few to come’ was my reaction to the Colin Currie Group’s recording of Steve Reich’s magnum opus earlier this year (5/18) but this newcomer from Kuniko changes the game a little.
As I noted back then, Drumming signalled minimalism’s fattening-up into something more maximal and less severe. It is an epic piece on every level, not least that of the human concentration required to play it with basic proficiency. The performance from Currie’s ensemble was possessed of a collective joy that vibrated off the secure structural mainframe. I say ‘secure’; but, of course, with 12 musicians each shimmying on to their own down-beat through a phasing process – and playing and singing with different muscles, techniques, voices and so on – absolute structural and timbral security is unattainable.
Is that part of Drumming’s thrill? Is its stretching of the very idea of ensemble playing part of what makes it buzz? I had always thought so but this performance, in which Kuniko overdubs herself on every instrumental and vocal part, is good enough to question the idea. It is still a big test but, in terms of ensemble playing, a slightly easier one: Kuniko spells out in the booklet that Drumming wobbles when its musicians can’t hear each other or attain sufficient consistency of timbre.
Unsurprisingly, we get a highly focused performance from Kuniko; less joyous than Currie’s, more zen and internalised. With each instrumental sound identical, it is all as clear as day. Kuniko’s musicianship is colossal from bongo to piccolo. The fundamental question is whether, for you, the whole minimalist project extends to sound production and forensic reproduction of the notes for the sake of clarity. Hearing Kuniko’s voice in harmony with itself, and the forest of overtone sounds that unanimity of timbre generates, it’s easy to conclude that this minimalist minimalism is truer to the cause. I relished it from start to finish and will continue to. But where this gives us fresh perspectives on the notes, a traditional performance will always have vital things to say about Drumming as a piece of ensemble music.
BBC Music Magazine
29 November 2018
KUNIKO performs all 13 parts of Reich’s minimalist work herself, using multi-tracking to great effect. It is dynamic and less aggressive than other versions; a very calming listen.
FANFARE
22 April 2019
The mononymous Japanese percussionist Kuniko has made the first single-player recording of Steve Reich’s Drumming (1970—71), an extended piece that is the largest composition most directly connected to Reich’s time in Ghana in the late 1960s. The piece is usually performed by at least nine percussionists; there are also parts for several female voices, who appear in the second part. Kuniko’s recording is presumably made by overdubbing and is impressive both in the consistency required from musical performance as well as the studio production aspects. The recorded sound is extremely clear, and the technical execution of the piece is excellent.
As with most of Reich’s earlier works, the piece concerns itself almost exclusively with rhythmic phasing. The whole piece is based on a single rhythmic pattern, and it plays out across four sections that vary the percussion instruments used. I enjoy Reich’s music greatly as a listener, though it is only really with the pieces of the mid-1970s (such as the famous Music for 18 Musicians) that I begin get interested; it was at that point when Reich began to involve harmonic considerations (especially harmonic motion) in his work just as seriously as he had previous involved rhythmic considerations. In my opinion, his very best works have been selected pieces from the last decades (such as Double Sextet and You Are (Variations)) where a lifetime of his developing and refining the same musical style have paid off in excellent ways. In the past decades, he has often tended to write several pieces over a few years that explore the same conceptual ideas; usually one of those pieces of each type is the “best” one and is truly excellent.
The first recordings of Drumming were made by Reich’s own ensemble, and there have been a few others over the years (including So Percussion and ictus). Kuniko’s release was the second recording of Drumming to be released in 2018. The Colin Currie Group, led by one of Reich’s most active recent collaborators/champions, also released a version. Frankly, the differences between all of these recordings are not very extreme. Much of Reich’s work (and especially the pieces for purely percussion) leaves relatively little room for “interpretation” compared to other music, and having watched him once coach a rehearsal (as well as sit at the mixing board), he has a very particular idea of exactly how he wants the pieces played. I don’t really need more than one recording of this particular piece (to which I almost never listen, compared to my other Reich favorites). But if you’re a fan of this piece, you will probably want to have all the versions to find the subtle differences.
© 2019 Fanfare
The Times
Performances of Steve Reich’s exemplary minimalist percussion epic Drumming usually require 12 musicians: nine to hit things, three to sing, blow or whistle. However, if you are the Japanese percussionist Kuniko, you might well decide to play all parts yourself in marathon recording and dubbing sessions spread over six months. That is what happened here.
The end product lasts a miraculous, if eerie, 70 minutes. Pinprick precision? Here it is, with every layer in Reich’s tapestry cleanly delineated to a degree hard to achieve in a live concert. Reich called the result a “remarkable pleasure”, offering a startling “microscopic close-up” of his score. I know what he means, particularly when one section and instrumentation morph into the next, or when voices add their pennies’ worth to the melodic phrases generated during the rhythmic tattoo.
What you can’t get is the crackling excitement only possible with a conventional ensemble account. Compared with the recent recording by the Colin Currie Group, Kuniko’s one-woman show, though technologically breathtaking, veers towards the cool and clinical. Buy this album for reference and general ear-cleaning, not for an adrenaline rush.
Politiken
22 November 2018
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En halv time inde i forløbet er jeg i trance. Jeg griber mig selv i at sidde og lave vokallyde, der passer til den plirrende lyd af de mange køller, som rammer marimbaernes træstave, så mine knogler rasler med. Jeg lyder lidt som en tibetansk munk, går det op for mig.
Jeg er røget inde i komponisten Steve Reichs musikalske parallelunivers. Et univers af lyd, der tager mig på en rejse ud af kroppen.
I dag er Steve Reich 82 år. Men i 1960’erne og 1970’erne var han blandt pionererne inden for det, verden lærte at kende som minimalmusik. En musikalsk revolution, der kom fra USA, og som gjorde radikalt op med europæisk kompositionsmusik, som på det tidspunkt havde viklet sig ind i så komplicerede avantgarde pling plong-praksisser, at den almindelige lytter var hægtet af.
Først sprang amerikaneren Terry Riley i den modsatte grøft og skrev det pulserende stykke ’In C’ for et vilkårligt antal musikere, der var så enkelt, at nye lyttere uden problemer kunne stige om bord. Det var i 1964.
Så fulgte hans landsmand Steve Reich trop med ’Drumming’, der er skrevet for forskelli- ge slagtøjsinstrumenter suppleret med stemmer og fløjtelyde. Stykket blev til i 1971 efter en rejse til Afrika, hvor traditionelle afrikanske rytmer havde bekræftet Steve Reich i, at sådan kunne musik også lyde: som bølger, der glider ind mod kysten og ud igen, mens den ene bølge overlapper den næste, og mønstre umærkeligt skifter. Fader ind og ud. Phasing, kaldte han det.
’Drumming’ opføres som regel af 12-13 mu- sikere. Pulsen er holdepunkt i en flimrende verden, og en opførelse varer et sted mellem en lille time og op imod halvanden time.
Med tilladelse fra mesteren selv
Nu har en japaner indspillet værket. Solo. Fordi hun vil være sikker på, at alting sidder lige i øjet. Det lyder som et udspil fra en kontrolfreak, og det er japanske Kuniko Kato også. Som andre slagtøjsspillere verden over er hun vant til at fokusere på krævende kom- positionsmusik fra vores egen tid, og efter albumudgivelser med værker af Arvo Pärt og Iannis Xenakis har hun indhentet Reichs tilladelse til at indspille ’Drumming’. Helt alene.
Kuniko, som hun bare kalder sig, har gjort det, fordi der ikke var nogen solostykker for slagtøj af Reich, hvis musik hun beundrer. Hun har gjort det ved hjælp af multi-trackindspilninger og overdub, og det fremgår tydeligt af den lange ledsagetekst, hun har skrevet til sin udgivelse, at hun ikke accepterer sjusk. Alt skal være perfekt.
Det er derfor nogle meget tørre, præcise slag, der indleder Kunikos 70 minutter lange rejse hen over Steve Reichs tonehav. Men så snart tonerne begynder at forskydes og mangedobles, vækkes musikken til live, og der er flere dele af værket, Steve Reich aldrig selv har hørt spillet så præcist før, fremgår det af citater fra Kunikos korrespondence med komponisten.
Så klar en fremlæggelse har Steve Reich i det hele taget formentlig aldrig forestillet sig. Men her er den. Den er fascinerende, og på plade virker den ultimativ. Tonerne springer til alle sider som hoppebolde, og på turen fra bongotrommer via marimbaer til metalliske klokkespil er det hele tiden et ultracool indtryk, man har hængende i ører- ne. Powerfuldt, men kontrolleret.
RONDO
20 October 2018
Natürlich hatte es bereits vor Steve Reich amerikanische Komponistenkollegen wie Terry Riley und Philip Glass gegeben, die mit der kinetischen Kraft von kleinen Melodie- und Rhythmus-Zellen experimentiert hatten. Doch Reich sollte seine Entdeckung der „Phasenverschiebung“, bei der ein ständig wiederholtes Melodiemodell sich allmählich gegeneinander verschiebt, in ungemein raffinierten Werken verarbeiten. Zu den rein akustischen Manifesten dieser „Phasenverschiebung“ und überhaupt der Minimal Music gehört „Drumming“, das Reich nach einem Aufenthalt in Ghana 1971 beendete. Diese Reise hatte ihn in seiner „intuitiven Erkenntnis“ bekräftigt, „dass man mit akustischen Instrumenten und Stimmen Musik von größerem Klangreichtum hervorbringen kann als mit elektronischen Instrumenten, und sie bestätigte zugleich meine natürliche Vorliebe fürs Schlagzeug.“ Über eine Spielzeit von bis zu 90 Minuten lang widmet sich normalerweise ein Ensemble aus zwölf Percussionisten den vier großen Abschnitten von „Drumming“. Zudem imitieren immer wieder menschliche Stimmen das Schlagzeug. Doch jetzt hat auch mit Zustimmung des Komponisten die japanische Schlagzeugerin Kuniko eine Solo-Version eingerichtet und per Overdub-Verfahren eingespielt. Und dabei ist es der Neue Musik- und auch ausgewiesenen Steve Reich-Spezialistin Kuniko nicht allein gelungen, die mikroskopische Komplexität der einzelnen, sich auch zwischen Welt- und Maschinenmusik bewegenden Stimmen mit der Präzision eines Uhrmachers im Aufnahmestudio zu verzahnen. Zugleich hat sie einen magischen Flow angeschoben, der sich im finalen 4. Abschnitt mit Marimba, Glockenspiel und Bongo in ein spektakuläres Schlagfeuerwerk hineinsteigert. Toll.
NIKKEI STYLE
- Linn Records Best of 2018
- BEST OF 2018 by All About Jazz, USA
- TOP 20 Album of 2018 by POLITIKEN, Denmark
- EXCELLENCE AWARD by The 73rd National Arts Festival, Agency for Cultural Affairs Japan
- LINN CKD 582 | 613
COUNTERPOINT
STEVE REICH
SUN, AUG14 – THU, AUG 18 15:05~
- New York Counterpoint ver. for marimba
- Six Marimbas Counterpoint
- Nagoya Marimba
- Vermont Counterpoint ver. vibraphone
Instrumentation : Mar. Vib.
Performer – Kuniko – Live Solo + Tape
ALBUM REVIEWS
American Record Guide
01 September 2011
American Record Guide
Kuniko is an exciting and expressive percussionist who has performed a great variety of 20th Century music. She has made idiomatic arrangements of two pieces from Reich’s “Counterpoint” series (Electric Counterpoint was originally scored for guitars; Vermont Counterpoint, for flutes) and produces a delightful multitracked recording of Six Marimbas. I cannot fault the ingenuity and care of the arrangements and am awed by her technique and musicality. Unfortunately, the percussion instruments she uses (including steel drums and marimbas) obligate her to transpose much of Electric Counterpoint up an octave, and I miss the solid foundation for the harmony that the lower notes supply in the original. On the other hand, the Vermont arrangement (scored for vibes) improves on the flute original in many ways, not least in rhythmic incisiveness.
The Sunday Times
10 July 2011
The Sunday Times by Paul Driver
…That couldn’t quite be said of the young Japanese-American percussionist Kuniko, who played a 70-minute sequence at the recently built, crisply finished Parabola Arts Centre. The essence was her versions of three of the “couterpoint” pieces (for other instruments) by Steve Reich – whose 75th birthday the festival celebrated – but she began with a marimba suite of her own and fitted in Hywel Davies’s Purl Ground (2003) for marimba, an exercise in sotto-voce tremolos. The Reich works all involve mulitple versions of the same performer on tape, duly intermodulated, and often one wonders why a live element is needed at all. Kuniko left one in no doubt. Her lissome presence was all-dominating. She didn’t merely play her vibes, glockenspiel and marimba, she danced around them.
L'Union Review
11 July 2011
L’Union by Cécile DELOBEL
Dans le hall d’exposition au 1er étage du centre des congrès, lieu digne d’une chorégraphie de Pina Bausch, haute et large structure métallique, de béton et de verre laissant passer en ses côtés la lumière, le ciel, les marronniers du jardin et la ville, c’est aussi à une véritable démonstration d’art martial que nous a invités hier après-midi, Kuniko Kato tout d’abord lorsqu’elle a joué Rebonds de Xenakis.
En percussions, tout le corps participe, c’est visible : les pieds sont sur la pointe pour un son plus aérien ou prennent au contraire appui sur le sol lorsqu’il faut de la puissance, les jambes assurent l’équilibre d’un côté ou de l’autre, véritable balancier, les bras dirigent les baguettes et leur intensité, chaque frappe est pensée, préparée tout en beauté. L’expression du visage elle-même l’accompagne ou l’anticipe comme chez le samouraï. Rien n’arrête Kuniko Kato, qui a fait son apprentissage à Tokyo, auprès de Keiko Abe, la reine des marimbistes. Elle est capable des rythmes les plus complexes comme dans Rebonds a. Elle enchaîne de façon virtuose comme dans Rebonds b l’alternance bien contrastée entre le chant de guerre, roulement des cinq toms et les sons du marimba et du woodblock, véritable souffle du vent dans les roseaux. Les sons viennent de très loin jusqu’à nous puis s’éloignent dans les trilles du marimba, sur la pointe des pieds, elle danse doucement comme dans Torse III d’Akira Miyoshi. Elle nous montre que tout peut se dire : les longues phrases insistent, interrogent, des accords aux amples vibrations avec pédale répondent : c’est Omar I et II de Franco Donatoni au vibraphone.
Toute la deuxième partie consacrée à la musique de Steve Reich emploie un dispositif de dix haut-parleurs qu’elle dispose en cercle autour d’elle et qui diffusent les autres voix lui permettant de jouer seule un morceau composé à l’origine pour six marimbas. Un ingénieur du son, Yuji Sagae, en règle l’équilibre pour qu’il corresponde au son naturel du marimba et à ce qu’elle joue. Littéralement entouré par le son, l’auditeur n’a plus qu’à se laisser ensorceler ou hypnotiser. En témoigne une petite fille au premier rang plongée dans ses rêves. Kuniko Kato nous montrera encore combien tout en jouant, elle se chante la musique de Steve Reich à elle-même, s’amusant de toutes les syncopes, changements de rythmes et toujours très claire dans ses intentions.
Electric Counterpoint qu’elle a transcrit pour pouvoir le jouer aux percussions et seule nous fera entendre aussi les steel drums, ces espèces de « casseroles » d’acier qui rappellent le son des gamelans dans une version qui enchante Steve Reich, signe de leur parfaite entente musicale. Pour finir ce furent des applaudissements nombreux et enthousiastes, saluant autant la musique que la chorégraphie de Kuniko Kato qui remercia par une dernière transcription : un chant japonais au marimba.
The Big City Blog
04 June 2012
The Big City Blog by George Grella
It seems the Art Space struggles against this obstacle. Reich is titan of contemporary music and, in a country where composers don’t register on the public consciousness, he is generally popular with sophisticated fans of all sorts of music. Yet Kuniko’s concert was lightly attended, and much of the audience seemed connected to the music through the Consulate General of Japan. This was an excellent concert. The music, “Electric Counterpoint,” “Six Marimbas,” Vermont Counterpoint” and “New York Counterpoint,” with modest and lovely arrangements of Bach and Komitas, speaks for itself, and Kuniko’s craft is superior. Reich’s work lends itself easily to transcription to other instruments, and the pitfall is that it is so easy that the results can be lazy and dull. She has a subtle and imaginative ear for color, and moving the lead voice of the opening movement of “Electric” to steel drums was a gorgeous touch, adding a shimmering, sustained richness as well as a delayed attack that made for a new, ambient quality.
Percussion instruments call for a great apparent physicality in playing than guitars or violins or flutes, and that was visually important in the concert, not only the effort of Kuniko in striking metal and wood with beaters, but her dancing movements. She was filled up with the physicality of Reich’s beat, even as the sonic edge of the musical was gentler, as in the transfer of “New York” from piping clarinets to mellow marimbas. The music is very well known by now, but she made it refreshing. With her own ear and taste she responded to pieces that she clearly feels are beautiful and gave us music-making that took for granted the intellectual success of the composer’s process and craft and gave us the sheer beauty of it, and that’s a considerable thing.
Time Out Tokyo
13 June 2011
Time Out Tokyo
‘This small girl plays so powerfully,’ marveled Steve Reich the first time he saw Kuniko Kato perform one of his pieces. Fortunately, the Japanese percussionist – who goes simply by her first name – took it as a compliment rather than a putdown. Kuniko has since established herself as one of the world’s foremost interpreters of Reich’s percussion pieces, first with the Brussels-based Ictus Ensemble and more recently as a solo performer. Her new album, Kuniko Plays Reich, features her own arrangements of ‘Electric Counterpoint’, ‘Six Marimbas’ and ‘Vermont Counterpoint’, devised in collaboration with the composer himself, and with Kuniko overdubbing the various parts. Live, she repeats the trick by playing with a backing track – not an ideal solution, perhaps, but we suspect she’ll be able to pull it off.
Music Web International
12 June 2011
Music Web International by Kirk McElhearn
This disc contains percussion arrangements of three works by Steve Reich, performed by percussionist Kuniko Kato using multiple overdubs. The artist says, “All three pieces were solo overdubbed; however I played through all the parts from the beginning to the end, without using loops or quantisation in order to emphasise the live atmosphere in ensemble performance. All of the mixings are based on my concepts and I closely collaborated with each recording engineer.”
Electric Counterpoint was scored for “as many as ten guitars and two electric bass parts”, which were taped, and an additional guitar performing live. Here, Kuniko’s arrangement loses the fluid, pulsing sound of the guitar, but creates its own sound-world, very close to other Steve Reich works for percussion. The effect is interesting and attractive, and listening to this piece made me forget what the original sounds like. It takes on a world of its own as a more jumpy work, and has an attractive sound and energy.
Six Marimbas Counterpoint is an arrangement of Six Marimbas, which, itself, is an adaptation of one of Steve Reich’s seminal works, Six Pianos. Kuniko performs this with one part live and five parts on tape. Compared to Reich’s own recording of this work, the sound is fuller and richer here, but the music is similar, and the tempo is close enough to the original that it differs by only a few seconds. This is, in my opinion, one of Reich’s most interesting works, and perhaps one of the best ways to discover his music. The original Six Pianos has, I think, a more attractive sound than the version for marimbas, but it’s obvious that getting six pianos on a stage is difficult. This work is full of gorgeous rhythmic interplay among the different instruments, based around very strict rhythms.
Finally, Vermont Counterpoint Version for Vibraphone is an arrangement of a work scored for eight flutes and tape. Here, played on vibraphone, it gives a much different tone than the original, yet it works just as well. As it is a work based on rhythmic structures, percussion fits the music, and the sound Kuniko achieves is quite attractive. The mixing is interesting as well, with a broad soundstage spreading out the various instruments so they sound both separate and connected at the same time.
If you’re a fan of Steve Reich’s work, you’ll certainly find this an interesting disc. If not, it may not be the best place to start, as the somewhat uniform approach of three works for percussion may not be the ideal gateway to this type of minimalism. But Reich’s music is based on rhythm, and percussion is the most apt type of instrument to perform it.
Well conceived, and very well recorded, the only downside to this enjoyable disc is that it is a mere 41 minutes. One or two more works by Reich would have been nice.
Musica Magazine
26 May 2011
Musica Magazine by Claudio Bolzan
Esponente di spicco del minimalismo in musica, Steve Reich è presente in questo disco con tre ampie composizioni per organici diversi, arrangiate e presentate dalla percussionista giapponese Kuniko Kato in una nuova veste strumentale (realizzata consultando direttamente lo stesso compositore): Electric counterpoint, articolato in tre movimenti (da eseguire senza soluzione di continuità), è presentato in un’elaborazione per vibrafono, marimba e nastro preregistrato; Six marimbas counterpoint è offerto in una riduzione per la sola marimba e nastro preregistrato, mentre Vermont counterpoint è eseguito nella versione per solo vibrafono e nastro preregistrato. Si tratta di composizioni nelle quali un modulo ritmico-melodico è ripetuto dall’inizio alla fine apportando microvariazioni tese a creare un impercettibile movimento all’interno di un tessuto compatto e, solo apparentemente, uniforme. Nell’affrontare questo arduo itinerario, la percussionista giapponese Kuniko Kato si è dimostrata una strumentista straordinaria, pienamente in grado di dipanare questi vasti e complessi edifici con una lucidità e una organicità tali da dar vita a una trama sonora di singolare fascino, grazie anche alle magie timbriche create con la marimba: è il caso, ad esempio, del Six marimbas counterpoint, reso con una precisione ritmica e con una energia davvero sorprendenti, o, ancora, del Vermont counterpoint, pagina di liquida fluidità affrontata con un controllo assoluto non solo del ritmo, ma anche delle dinamiche. Al disco è allegato un elegante fascicolo comprendente ampie e dettagliate note di presentazione firmate dallo stesso Reich e da Kuniko Kato.
The Scotsman
24 May 2011
The Scotsman by Kenneth Walton
The music is familiar, but the artist isn’t. This is Japanese percussionist Kuniko’s debut album for Linn, in which she premieres her own percussion arrangements of three of American minimalist Steve Reich’s “counterpoints” of the 1980s – Electronic Counterpoint, Six Marimbas Counterpoint and Vermont Counterpoint. She focuses on a sound world dominated by marimba, vibraphone and steel pans, which colour these works with soft-cushioned textures. But it is her direct collaboration with Reich, and a worldwide network of top sound producers, that adds sheen to the multi-tracked finished article.
Phile-Web
06 August 2011
Phile-Web by Tadashi Yamanouchi
‘kuniko plays reich’ an excellent album that even challenges your audio device
Here are two extracts from Tadashi Yamanouchi’s lovely review for Phile-Web Japan:
‘It made me excited as if I am listening to a brand-new piece.’
‘Kuniko’s challenging approach is totally beyond the faithful reproduction of the score or just a different version with other instruments, and it is rather successful in creating new dimension of Reich’s works.’
The Observer
24 April 2011
The Observer by Stephen Pritchard
Steve Reich’s trademark mesmeric repetitions take on another quality here when they are lifted away from their intended scoring and given to percussion. Japanese virtuoso Kuniko finds new sonorities in Electric Counterpoint, written for guitars, when transferring it to steel pans, marimba and vibraphone, and brings Vermont Counterpoint (for flutes) to dazzling, invigorating life on the vibraphone. All these studio works involve vast amounts of pre-recording to refine their pleasing results, none more so than Six Marimbas Counterpoint which involves five pre-recorded tracks behind a solo line. It’s a hypnotic and strangely calming experience.
The Arts Desk
10 July 2011
The Arts Desk by David Nice
Sunday afternoon was a palate-cleansing Steve Reichfest. Bowen had jumped with three weeks’ notice at the chance to slip in a clutch of UK premieres from the phenomenal Kuniko Kato at the Parabola Arts Centre, centred around her composer-approved arrangements of Reich’s Electric Counterpoint – steel pans leading the way – Six Marimbas Counterpoint, a duet with Kuniko’s pre-recorded self through superlatively good speakers, and Vermont Counterpoint, in which she leapt stylishly between vibraphone and glockenspiel (her recording, which this performance instantly sold to me, is pictured below). I liked the subtle ripple of Kuniko’s own sea picture which launches her own marimba Suite, and the self-styled “aleatoric soul music” of Hywel Davies’s hauntingly near-inaudible Purl Ground.
Kuniko is the total artist, no question: her attention to lighting, sound, dancing communication with the audience and questing programme notes reveals a perfectionist. I can’t wait to hear her again.
Cheltenham Festival
01 April 2013
cheltenhamfestivals.com
Kuniko Kato released her 2011 album of Steve Reich arrangements to huge critical acclaim and the praise of the composer himself. Her latest project, due for release in May, takes one more of Reich’s counterpoints and a selection of some of the best known works from the meditative minimalist Arvo Pärt. Tracks from the aptly titled new CD, ‘Ultimate Minimalism’, will be performed live by Kuniko using a visually stunning array of electronic loops and speakers that allow her to duet with the melodies and patterns she has just played. Her performance is powerful, balletic and truly enthralling to watch. Beautiful, intricate, captivating arrangements of some of the most heartfelt music that minimalism has to offer.
CKUA Radio
10 June 2011
CKUA Radio by Kevin Wilson
Cloud-watching season is upon us: here’s the lying-on-your-back-in-the-grass-staring-at-the-sky music you’ll be needing. Kuniko Kato revisits three Steve Reich compostions from the 80s, creating her own arrangements for vibraphone, marimba and steel drum. The methodical Kuniko layers her own performances on top of one another, and the resulting sum of rhythm and melody beguiles. Compare Kuniko’s version of Electric Counterpoint, written for the guitar of Pat Metheny: the edges are rounded slightly here, and the evolving patterns of sound swing every so gently. In fact, this would be great to listen to while you’re on a swing. Sounds like summer to me: music brimming with vitality and carefree energy, the sound of nature in motion. Deservedly and unreservedly endorsed by the composer.
The Music Cube
26 May 2011
The Music Cube
Kuniko Plays Reich is a new album from Japanese percussionist Kuniko Kato featuring her own percussion arrangements of Steve Reich’s Electric Counterpoint (1987, written for guitars), Six Marimbas (1986), and Vermont Counterpoint (1982, written for flutes). Kuniko plays the steel pans, tenor pan, vibraphone, and marimba on the album. Each piece is arranged for solo percussion and pre-recorded tape for live performance.
According to Steve Reich: Kuniko Kato is a first rate percussionist who has put a lot of careful thought and hours of rehearsal into making this excellent CD. She has created new and very beautiful arrangements.
The Guardian‘s Stephen Pritchard calls the album “a hypnotic and strangely calming experience.”
Kuniko studied with Keiko Abe at Toho Gakuen School of Music in Tokyo, Japan and Robert Van Sice at Rotterdam Conservatorium in the Netherlands where she graduated summa cum laude as the first percussionist in the conservatory’s history. She has since performed around the world and collaborated with many renowned composers and conductors including James Wood, Franco Donatoni, Unsuk Chin and, of course, Steve Reich. She now lives in the US.
If you’re looking for something cool and modern, (but still accessible and easy on the ears) I definitely recommend Kuniko Plays Reich.
The Nottingham Post
16 May 2011
The Nottingham Post by Peter Palmer
US minimalist Steve Reich had his doubts when Japanese percussion virtuoso Kuniko Kato proposed arranging his guitar piece Electric Counterpoint for steel pans, vibes and marimba. He also had other ideas on Vermont Counterpoint, which she adapted for vibraphone and tape. But Kato won him over, and these poetic recordings show how. Her solo on Six Marimbas completes a superb album.
Words and Music
18 April 2011
Words and Music by Rick Jones
A CD, Kuniko Plays Reich, arrives from Record Company of the year, Linn Records. The Japanese percussionist arranges Electric Counterpoint for steel drums, marimba and vibraphone plus tape and worries the composer as he conceived the piece for electric guitars, ie identical instruments. Kuniko’s version, in which each movement focuses on a different instrument, persuades him however. The gentle steady rhythm is seductive. The pans clatter, their vague tuning is un-Reich-like, but their placid sway has the unexpected redolence of the Gamelan. Behind, the vibraphone’s ‘wave sound’ comes in and out of earshot like a swarm of bees, giving the music almost 3-D depth.
In Six Marimbas Counterpoint, Kuniko pre-records five of the parts and plays the sixth ‘live’, a contrast lost on disc. The smooth robotic pulse, unvarying volume, and constantly repeating phrases have a trance-like effect. She plays with clean, precise hits, the hard beater-heads giving an urgent bite to the music. The cheerful bounce contrasts with the conveyor-belt, automaton character like a happy factory worker.
Vermont Counterpoint is originally for flute and tape, but Kuniko’s version is for vibraphone. Phase shift techniques create chance rhythmic, gradually changing patterns as in a kaleidoscope. Nothing happens in the music; it never modulates, comes to no cadences and changes key only once and abruptly, without preamble. The piece stops as peremptorily as it starts, although the conclusion is marked with a shimmering of tones which is as much of an emotional climax as Reich ever creates. This is music for the machine age, clean, efficient, precise and of our time. Kuniko expresses this beautifully.
- LINN Records’ BEST OF 2011
- The 12th Keizo Saji Award by Suntory Arts Foundations JAPAN
- LINN CKD385 | 385S

